Non-gynaecological Cytology
Respiratory tract cytology
Anatomy and histology of the respiratory tract
Indications of respiratory tract cytology
Cell sampling and preparation methods
Reporting terminology
Normal cells
Non-cellular elements and specimen contaminants
Benign cellular changes
Inflammation
Respiratory infections
Benign lesions
Preneoplastic changes of respiratory epithelium
Lung cancer and other malignant tumours

Preneoplastic changes of respiratory epithelium

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is preceded by precursor lesions, with a progression from benign squamous metaplasia, through dysplasia, to invasive cancer. Most authors acknowledge degrees (mild, moderate, severe) of dysplasia. The risk of developing bronchogenic carcinoma increases with the degree of atypia.

Preinvasive lesions

  • Squamous dysplasia
  • Carcinoma in situ
  • Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
  • Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
Squamous metaplasia
Squamous metaplasia
Atypical squamous metaplasia
Atypical squamous metaplasia
 
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