Non-gynaecological Cytology
Respiratory tract cytology
Anatomy and histology of the respiratory tract
Indications of respiratory tract cytology
Cell sampling and preparation methods
Reporting terminology
Normal cells
Non-cellular elements and specimen contaminants
Benign cellular changes
Inflammation
Respiratory infections
Benign lesions
Preneoplastic changes of respiratory epithelium
Lung cancer and other malignant tumours

Squamous cell changes

Squamous cells from the upper respiratory tract often contaminate specimens from the lower tract. Inflammatory conditions of the mouth may exfoliate atypical squamous cells which should not be misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer involving head and neck structures could also lead to false-positive diagnoses.

 

 

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