C2 (καλοήθεια)

Αυτή η κατηγορία αφορά ένα επαρκές δείγμα χωρίς στοιχεία κακοήθειας ή σημαντικής ατυπίας.

Οι καλοήθεις περιπτώσεις αποτελούνται από επίπεδες ομάδες ομοιόμορφων κυττάρων των πόρων, με στρογγυλούς-οβάλ πυρήνες των οποίων το μέγεθος είναι παρόμοιο με αυτό των ερυθρών αιμοσφαιρίων.

Διάσπαρτοι μεμονωμένοι καθώς και ζευγάρια γυμνών πυρήνων μπορούν να παρατηρηθούν στο υπόστρωμα.

Εάν έχει παρακεντηθεί κύστη, τότε ένα μίγμα αφρωδών ιστιοκυττάρων και φυσιολογικών αποκρινών κυττάρων μπορούν να παρατηρηθούν ώς μέρος της κυτταρολογικής εικόνας.

Τεμάχια ινολιπώδους ιστού είναι επίσης συχνό εύρημα.

Monolayers of uniform ductal cells...

with round-oval shaped nuclei whose size is similar to that of red blood cells.

Remember: Ductal cells are responsive to hormonal changes. In pregnancy hypercellularity may be associated with enlarged and sometimes pleomorphic nuclei with prominent nucleoli

Remember: Ductal cells are responsive to hormonal changes. In pregnancy hypercellularity may be associated with enlarged and sometimes pleomorphic nuclei with prominent nucleoli

Myoepithelial cells are elements of small size with dark hyperchromatic nuclei. They can be observed on the surface of epithelial cells layers in benign cases. They represent an important element in benign cases as they are usually lost in malignant cases

Benign cases are also characterized by the presence of stromal elements which can be isolated or arranged in layers; they present as oval or elongated nuclei and cytoplasmic projections;

Benign cases are also characterized by the presence of stromal elements which can be isolated or arranged in layers; they present as oval or elongated nuclei and cytoplasmic projections;

Or they may be detected as naked bipolar nuclei due to the loss of cytoplasm

It is important to remember that naked bipolar nuclei represent an important benign sign while isolated or loose clusters of epithelial elements tend to lean towards malignancy.

It is important to remember that naked bipolar nuclei represent an important benign sign while isolated or loose clusters of epithelial elements tend to lean towards malignancy.

Fat tissue is another breast component. It tends to be arranged in layers in FNA.

WRONG SAMPLE!

LIPOMA

Intramammary node aspiration usually yields a preponderance of lymphocytes, with some tingible body macrophages and few plasma cells

SUTURE FIBRE

SILICONE GRANULOMA

BIO MARKER

FAT NECROSIS

In breast granulomatous disease it is often possible to detect the causes

In case where a residual mass is present after cystic aspiration a FNA on the residual mass must be performed

Simple cysts contain mainly foamy macrophages and debris

The epithelial cells lining cystic walls may undergo apocrine metaplasia.

The epithelial cells lining cystic walls may undergo apocrine metaplasia.

Foamy macrophages and epithelial cell layers with clear cut regular borders and active nuclei are detected in complex proliferative lesions

Foamy macrophages and epithelial cell layers with clear cut regular borders and active nuclei are detected in complex proliferative lesions

Ανακεφαλαίωση

Τα κύρια κυτταρολογικά κριτήρια των καλοηθών αλλοιώσεων είναι ׃

Επίπεδες ομάδες ομοιόμορφων κυττάρων των πόρων
Κατάλληλος κυτταρικός προσανατολισμός
Καλή συνοχή μεταξύ των κυττάρων
Μικρό μέγεθος πυρήνα (μέγεθος παρόμοιο με αυτό ενός ερυθρού αιμοσφαιρίου)
Μυοεπιθηλιακά /στρωματικά στοιχεία / γυμνοί διπολικοί πυρήνες