Non-gynaecological Cytology
Urinary tract cytology
| Anatomy and histology of the urinary tract |
| Collection of specimens and preparation methods |
| Normal urine |
| Benign conditions |
| Tumors |
Squamous cell carcinoma
A squamous component can be seen in cases of poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma. In less than 3% of cases it represents the principal part of the tumour. Squamous cell carcinoma is seen most in the regions of the world where Schistosoma haematobium is common.
Cytologically the urine contains keratinized malignant squamous cells.
