Non-gynaecological Cytology
Liver cytology
Anatomy and histology of the liver
Fine needle aspiration (FNA)
Normal cells
Infections
Benign lesions
Malignant tumors

Metastatic tumors

  • Colorectal carcinoma
    • Tall (columnar), dark (hyperchromatic) cells and necrosis
  • Breast carcinoma and gastric carcinoma
    • Signet ring cells
  • Prostate carcinoma
    • Microacini
    • Prominent nucleoli
    • Immunoreactive for Prostatic Specific Antigen and Prostatic Acid Phosphatase
  • Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors
    • Eccentrically placed nuclei
    • ‘salt-and-pepper’ chromatin pattern
    • Abundant granular cytoplasm
    • Single cells, loosely cohesive clusters and rosettes
    • Immunoreactive for neuroendocrine markers
  • Small cell carcinoma
    • Isolated and loosely cohesive cells
    • Nuclear molding
    • Hyperchromatic nuclei with finely granular chromatin and incospicuous nucleoli
    • Round, polygonal or spindle cells
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
    • Small, dark nuclei
    • Abundant cytoplasm with a hard, glassy appearance (orange with Papanicolaou stain
      and gray with Romanowsky-type stain) in well-differentiated tumors
  • Sarcoma
    • Spindle cells (differential diagnosis: metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma)
  • Malignant melanoma
    • Abundant, sometimes pigmented, cytoplasm
    • Intranuclear pseudoinclusions and macronucleoli
    • Single cell pattern
    • Finely granular melanin pigment
    • Immunoreactive for S-100 and HMB-45
  • Lymphoma


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